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防止儿童打开测试意义|ASTM 3475认证流程、费用、周期
防止儿童打开包装测试
前言：每一个家庭对儿童安全的保障是，在很多家庭环境中在儿童的安全上存在很多安全隐患。例如儿童无意间打开“包装的安全盖”误食药品，误食化学品，误食化妆品，误食有毒物品等等时有发生。为了保障儿童安全，包装使用防开启“安全盖”，从而减少和降低儿童打开误食的风险。
防开启“安全盖”的设计原理：“将包装食品，药品，化妆品，化学品等物质的盖子设置为内外两层，若仅施力旋转外层，是无法开启盖子。若打开盖子需要将外层盖施力往瓶身下压，同时带动内层盖旋转，才能成功开启盖子。由于这样的开启方式涉及两个方向的施力，增加了儿童开启盖子的难度，从而能够提高安全的作用”。 从而，防止儿童打开包装是后一道保护儿童的防线。
1970年，美国国会就通过了危险物品包装法案，授权美国消费产品安全来规范产品包装的安全标准。本次测试以：美国消费产品安全新规范的产品包装安全标准《ASTM-3475儿童安全包装的标准分类》进行测试，出具测试报告。
可提供美国ASTM 3475,US 16 CFR 1700.20，CR包装认证，ISO 8317儿童防护包装等认证。
一： 本标准规定了可重新盖紧防止儿童打开测试的包装要求和试验方法
容器 container
由金属、玻璃、塑料或者多种材质组合制成,端口密封系统附带锁紧装置的容器
金属、塑料或者多种材质组合制成容器盖,带有密封装
防止儿童打开的包装 child-resistant package
通常为带有锁紧装置的包装容器。小于52个月的儿童很难将锁紧装置打开,但不影响成年人的正常使用
可重新益紧的包装 reclosable package包装被打开后,可重新盖紧,反复使用
2.5
相似于内装物的且不易与包装容器发生化学反应的惰性替代品3要求
3.1基本要求
3.1.1防止儿童打开测试的包装应能防止小于52个月儿童开启此类包装
3.1.2防止儿童打开测试的包装,在满足防止儿童开启相关要求的同时,还应满足包装自身的基本功能.
二：试验人群的要求
试验应用在以下两类人
42个月~51个月大的儿童;
50岁~70岁的成年人
注:试验人群包括42个月和51个月的儿童以及50岁和70岁的成年人3.2.2试验用包装容器的要求
试验要求用新制的包装容器。对一系列相似的包装容器进行试验,应提供包装相似性程度的理论。
三 a)当密封盖仅是直径不同,且其大直径超过小直径的1.5倍时,应选择大、中、小三种直径的
密封益进行试验;
b)当包装容器密封_相同,仅是容量不同时,应选择大和小容量的容器进行试验;
c)当包装容器具有相似的特性,包装容量与密封盖直径尺寸均有所不同时,应将大和小直径
的密封盖,放置在大和小容量的包装容器上进行试验。以上密封盖与包装容器的组合,若密封盖大直径超过小直径的1.5倍时,应按a)的方法;
d)当衬套是密封系统不可分割的一部分,应与衬套一起同时进行试验;
e)当包装容器特性相同、密封盖相同,仅是包装容器形状有所不同时,应选择每一形状的包装容器进行试验。当包装容器特性相同,包装容器形状与密封盖直径尺寸均有所不同时,应选择每形状包装容器并按c)的方法进行试验
试验样品
提供足够充分且符合设计图纸、设计规范的新制的包装容器供测试人员选取作为试验样品,同时需预留试验样品作为备件
内装物不应是危险物品,可以使用代品。如果使用替代品进行试验,若包装容器的容量不到1L,则应按实际内装物容量进行填充,若包装容器的容量超过1L,应选择1L液体或1kg固体的桦代品进行填充。4.2试验前准备
凡是准备试验的包装容器,要求每一个包装容器应能被开启和能被重新盖紧4.3儿童试验。
4.3.1儿童全组试验
3.1.1试验儿童的构成
选择200名42个月~51个月大的儿童,年龄、性别的分配应合理,同时要求应是身体健康、没有明显的影响试验的生理缺陷,对防止儿童开启的包装进行试验
应尽可能选择不同的社会群体、种族和文化背景的儿童进行试验。如果不能,应明确地注明试验的偏离情况。要求试验儿童以前没有参与过相应的试验,但允许试验儿童参与利用不同原理开启不同类型包装的试验,如果参与过相应试验,要求试验时间至少间隔1周4.3.1.2试验环境和人员的要求
进行儿童试验应选择他们熟悉,感觉自在的环境,例如:他们的幼儿园或托儿所,但应注意避免受到干扰造成不必要的分心。试验人员(儿童)间应是互相友好的,儿童的父母应出席试验
对儿童进行试验应摆有桌椅,如果他们愿意也可以坐在平地上进行试验。
四：试验过程要求
4.3.1.3.1应同时对2名儿童进行试验,每2名儿童需配有1名监督员,如有需要,也可一组一组的进行试验,但同一时间、同一房间内试验人数不能超过5名。
3.1.3.2试验过程中,只要儿童自己觉得方便、适合,他们可以选择任何方式进行试验,不限制他们使用牙或者其他的方法打开包装
4.3.1.3.3试验过程中不能给予任何有关如何开启包装的示意和指导
4.3.1.3.4试验过程中不允许给儿童提供工具或其他的开启装置。如果这些工具或开启装置是包装容器设计的组成部分,他们可以接触到工具,但不应主动引起他们对工具的注意,除非是对儿童进行演示示范
4.3.1.3.5如果试验儿童试图离开,监督员应阻止并引导他回来继续试验。
五：试验步骤
4.3.1.4.1分配试验儿童及监督员,并将试验儿童带入试验场地
4.3.1.4.2给每个儿童一个包装容器,并要求他们在5min内开启
4.3.1.4.3如果能成功地在5min内开启包装的儿童,应要求他继续留在试验场地直至试验结束
4.3.1.4.4对于5min内未能打开包装的儿童,在不刻意强调演示动作和过程的前提下,应让他们观看如何开启和重新盖紧这一包装,然后再用5min的时间继续去开启这个包装
4.3.1.4.5记录每5min的试验结果,记录儿童是否成功地开启了包装,是否进行过演示示范,以及在打开过程中是否使用了牙或其他方法4.3.2连续试验
试验儿意人数不足200名,可采用连续试验的方法,除试验儿童人数不同之外,其他均与儿童全组试验要求一致,应符合4.3.1的规定4.4成人试验
甚本要求
对成人进行试验不需要在特定的场所和特定的时间4.4.2试验人员构成
要求由100名有效的参与者(成人)参与试验,并应对试验人员进行初选。其中,防止儿童开启包装的设计、制造等有关人员、有明显生理缺陷及智力上有障碍的人员不应参与试验
应向试验人员讲明试验的目的,但不应提供操作上的演示示范。100名试验人员应从50岁~70岁的成人中按表1的规定随意抽取。从一个群体中选择的试验人员不能超过30名,非相关个体要超过试验总人数的35%
4.4.3.1向每名试验人员提供试验用的包装容器和指导如何打开和重新盖紧的操作指导说明书,操作指导说明书应与在销售过程中提供给消费者的说明书一致
4.4.3.25min内,试验人员通过熟悉包装容器、阅读操作说明书后,立完成试验
4.4.3.3对于5min内成功打开试验样品的试验人员,应再给他们一个同样的包装容器,让他们在1min内重复试验,即:开启和重新盖紧
4.4.3.45min内,如果试验人员不能打开包装容器,将对其再进行筛选试验,即:让试验人员在1min内打开两个非防止儿童开启的普通试验容器,如下
)25mL~50mL的圆柱形塑料容器,螺纹密封,其密封益内有连续螺纹且直径为28mm,扭矩
b)25mL~50mL的圆柱形塑料容器,非螺纹密封,其密封盖扣紧在容器上,直径为28mm
如果试验人员在1min内未能打开和重新盖紧上述两个容器,此试验人员的成人试验结果即为无效,需被剔除。如果试验人员在1min内打开了上述两个容器,表明成人试验结果为有效,成人试验结
4.4.3.5记录成人的试验结果
六： 试验结果
5.1儿童试验结果的评定
5.1.1儿童全组试验结果评定
当采用的是200名试验儿童的全组试验时,判定试验结果成功应符合以下的要求
a)在无演示示范时,200名试验儿童至少有85%的儿童在5min内未能打开包装;
b)在对5min内未能打开包装的儿童进行演示示范后,200名试验儿童至少有80%的儿童在后续的试验中未能打开包装。
a)如果5min试验内,儿童开启包装容器的数低于图1中L1线,以及在后续的5min试验,儿童
开启包装容器的数低于图2中L3线,则通过试验;
b)如果5min试验内,儿童开启包装容器的数图1中L.2线,或者后续的5mIn试验,儿童开
启包装容器的数图2中I4线,则未通过试验;
c)如果5min试验内,儿童开启包装容器的数介于L1线和L2线与L3和L4之间,则应重新
5.2成人试验结果的评定：
90%的试验人员能在5min内成功打开包装容器,且在后续的1min内能成功地打开和重新盖紧包装容器则通过试验
试验人员能在5min内成功打开包装容器,但在后续的1min内未能成功地打开或重新盖紧包装容器,则未通过试验,记入不合格比例
5.3终结果无论是儿童试验还是成人试验,均需给出通过/未通过试验的终结果
6试验报告
6.1基本内客
a)检测机构名称
b)检测日期
c)包装容器生产商;
d)检测监督人的姓名
e)试验用包装容器的详细描述;
f)对试验用内装物替代品的描述6.2儿盦试验
除6.1有关内容外,儿童试验试验报告还应包括以下内容:
a)试验场地;
b)试验儿童的数量、性别、年龄情况;
c)成功打开包装的儿童人数、年龄、性别情况;
演示示范操作前的试验记录演示示范操作后的试验记录;儿童开启包装的方式方法;
d)如果儿童试验是按照全组试验进行的,未打开包装的儿童比例。
The US Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) opens the CPSC test for children with reagent bottles, the CPSC test for children with health product caps, the CPSC test for children with efferent tablet caps, and the CPSC test for medical packaging bottles
CPSC test for children opening, CPSC test for combined bottle cap, CPSC test for children opening 0PC bottle, CPSC test for children opening 0COP bottle, CPSC test for oral liquid polyester bottle, and CPSC test for children's safety packaging box
CPSC test, CPSC test for safety medicine bottles, CPSC certification for children to open the safety cover twice, CPSC certification for children's packaging bags, CPSC test for children to open the safety cover, moisture-proof combination
CPSC test for bottle caps, CPSC test for children's safety caps, CPSC test for products that prevent children from opening packaging, CPSC test for extruded bottles, CPSC test for packaging bags, CPSC test for children that prevent children from opening packaging
ASTM-D3475, CFR 1700.20, CFR 1700.20, CPSC)
Child Safety Packaging US 16 CFR § 1700.20 Certification Description:
Child protective packaging began in the United States in 1970.The Toxicology Preventive Packaging Act (PPPA) stipulates that products harmful to children must be packaged in child-safe packaging.A large number of accidents involving household, gardening and automobile chemicals, as well as accidents involving drugs and other harmful substances, set off the legislative process.Since then, the frequency and severity of child-proof packaging incidents have declined significantly.
The test procedure for safe packaging for children was fixed according to PPPA standard to ensure the reliability of its function.In these tests, 200 children aged 42 to 51 months had to try to open a package.If 80 per cent of people fail to complete the task, the bag can be considered resistant to children.However, it is equally important that adults, especially the elderly, are also able to open and reinstall.Many other countries have followed the US example, published in US 16 CFR § 1700.20, and have developed similar standards.
Application materials for US 16 CFR § 1700.20 Certification:
1. Application form;
2. Certified product information (including product pictures, product drawings, volume and other parameters);
3. Guarantee at least 400 test samples.
US 16 CFR § 1700.20 Test requirements:
(I). Children group
Composition of the experimental team:
(a) Number of children :200;
(b) Age and sex: age between 42 and 51 months (including 42 and 51 months, the same age and sex should be evenly distributed as follows);
(c) Represent, to the extent possible, the different social classes, ethnic and cultural backgrounds of the entire national population;
(d) To be in good health, free from obvious physical and mental deficiencies, and capable of working with others;
(e) Participation in such tests shall not be more than once (including various open-type packaging tests based on different principles).If a child participates in more than one trial, the interval between the two trials should be at least one week.
To prevent children from opening the packaging test Site:
Trials should be conducted in places familiar to children, such as the schools or kindergartens they attend, but they should be separated from the rest of the school and free from outside interference.A number of sites should be selected from different population distribution areas, and the test may not be completed in the same place at the same time.
Test method:
(a) Children's tests shall be carried out in pairs, each under the supervision of an impartial and suitably qualified person skilled in working with children.If necessary, five pairs of children may be tested in the same room without interference from one pair to another.They can adopt any posture and position they find convenient.If a child tries to slip away during the experiment, the supervisor should stop it.And induce the child to return to his or her position and ask him or her to continue without giving any hint of opening the package.This should be recorded in the test report;
(b) Within the first 5 minutes, before the demonstration, distribute the package to each child, who may open the package in any way they wish, and do not prevent the child from opening the package with teeth or other means.Children are not allowed to use any tool or device other than those specially provided as part of the child's safe packaging, in which case they are not alerted to the use of the tool until after the demonstration;
If a child successfully opens the package within 5 minutes, the child should remain in the test area until the end of that period;
(c) Before the beginning of the second 5 minutes, the children who had not opened the package in the first 5 minutes were asked by the viewing supervisors to open and seal a package, without focusing on the opening action and without any verbal cues, and then to open the package for another 5 minutes;
(d) At the end of each five-minute session, a note should be taken of whether a child has opened the package.If the child successfully opens the package, record whether it was before or after the demonstration.Also note whether the package was opened with a tooth or some other method.
The determination of the results of the children group test:
(a) In the absence of a demonstration, at least 85 per cent of the children in the experimental group were unable to open the package within 5 minutes;
(b) After a demonstration of children who did not open the package within the first 5 minutes, 80 per cent were still unable to open the package within the second 5 minutes.
(2) Adult group
Composition of the experimental team:
(a) Number :100 normal adults;
(b) Age and sex: 70 per cent for females and 80 per cent for adults aged 18-60 years (including 18 and 60 years, the same as below);Adults aged 6L -65 (including 61 and 65, the same as below) should account for 20%.In other words, the ratio of adults aged 18 to 60 to those aged 61 to 65 should be four to one.
Test method:
Packaging and other accessories and how to open the packaging and properly resealed specifications (the instruction content printed on the packaging or packaging for consumers), sent to all adult together, don't open the package and resealed demonstration, give 5 minutes, let each adult reading instruction, opened the package and resealed correctly, and record the results.
Determination of test results in adult group:
Without a demonstration, at least 90% of adults can properly open and reseal a package within 5 minutes.
V. Test Report Basic customer:
A) Name of the testing institution;
B) Test date;
C) Manufacturer of packaging containers;
D) The name of the test supervisor;
E) A detailed description of the test packaging container.
The
US 16 CFR § 1700.20 Test significance:
Effective design to prevent the opening of "safety cover" : "The cover of packaged food, medicine, cosmetics, chemicals and other substances is set as the inner and outer layers. If only the outer layer is rotated, the cover cannot be opened.If you want to open the lid, you need to apply pressure on the outer lid and rotate the inner lid to open the lid successfully.Since this method of opening involves applying forces in both directions, it is more difficult for children to open the lid, thus improving the safety effect.
Ensuring the safety of children is one of the primary preventive measures of the country and every family. Effective design of safe bottle caps and packaging bags is an effective way to reduce the root causes of accidental poisoning of children.Children accidentally open the "safety bottle cap of packaging" and "packaging bag" and accidentally eat drugs, chemicals, cosmetics, eating toxic substances and poisoning events are every family is not willing to see sad events.In order to ensure the safety of children, the packaging uses anti-opening "safety cover", so as to reduce and reduce the risk of children opening accidental ingestion.
CAN / CSA Z76.1-06加拿大防儿童开启包装
CAN / CSA Z76.1-99
可重复使用的儿童防护包防儿童开启包装具体测试可联系贝德陶工（联系方式见下方）
详细描述
1.范围
1.1
概述本标准适用于液体或固体形式的药物和其他物质的包装，其中包含可重新封闭的防止儿童使用的特征，这些特征限制了儿童能够获取包装内容物的能力。
1.2
要求本标准包括结构，性能，防儿童有效性，年轻人 - 成人使用效果， - 成人使用效果，儿童防护包装标记的要求，以及随这些包装提供的说明。
1.3
测试本标准描述了至少应使用的物理测试，以确保后续生产批次符合本标准。
1.4
不可重复接收的儿童防护包本标准不适用于不可重复使用的包裹或功能。注意：这将由CSA标准Z76.2涵盖。
1.5
术语在本标准中，“”应表示强制性要求; “”应该“”表示建议，或建议但不强制推荐。
附带条款的注释不包括强制性或替代性要求。附带条款的说明的目的是将文本解释性或信息性材料与标准的一部分分开。图表和表格的注释被视为图形或表格的一部分，并作为强制性要求编写。
儿童安全的保障是国家和每个家庭首要预防措施之一，有效的设计安全瓶盖和包装袋是有效减少儿童意外中毒事件发生的根源。儿童无意间打开“包装的安全瓶盖”和“包装袋”而误食药品，误食化学品，误食化妆品，误食有毒物品而发生中毒事件都是每个家庭不愿意看到的痛心事件。为了保障儿童安全，包装使用防开启“安全盖”，从而减少和降低儿童打开误食的风险。
更多关于标准测试要求， 测试费用与周期，认证测试流程等请咨询贝德检测刘工，为您提供的一站式认证服务！
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